The WWW has a lot of information, but finding actual circuit measurement of an NPN transistor saturation mode was, well, I never found any. Hence this experiment. I chose a common 2N2222A in a TO-92 package. On the DCA Pro 75, it measured:
hFE = 265 at Ic = 5.01mA
Vbe = 0.755V at Ib = 5.00mA
VceSat = 0.013V at Ic = 5.0mA and Ib = 1.00mA
The testing setup is in the following diagram:
A good description of a PN junction is give in this video: Forward biasing a PN
junction.
A good description of an NPN transistor is given in this
video: NPN Transistor
Working.
Now for the actual measurements of our sample 2N2222A
transistor:
